diff --git a/meta-oe/recipes-support/hdf5/files/CVE-2026-17574.patch b/meta-oe/recipes-support/hdf5/files/CVE-2026-17574.patch
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0ae79a2811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/meta-oe/recipes-support/hdf5/files/CVE-2026-17574.patch
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+From e374b227c277e100d9bfa3b1fe5c0b60cdff6c43 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From: tbeu <tbeu@users.noreply.github.com>
+Date: Thu, 28 May 2026 17:26:57 +0200
+Subject: [PATCH] Validate VL datatype type during decode and check file
+ pointer in H5T_set_loc (#6395)
+
+H5O__dtype_decode_helper() reads vlen.type from the file without
+validation. With corrupted HDF5 files (e.g. from fuzzing), this field
+can have an invalid value that is neither H5T_VLEN_SEQUENCE nor
+H5T_VLEN_STRING, which later triggers assert(0) in H5T__vlen_set_loc()
+(debug builds) or a NULL pointer dereference / SEGV in release builds.
+
+Fix by:
+1. Adding a validation check in H5O__dtype_decode_helper() immediately
+   after reading the vlen.type field, returning an error if the value
+   is invalid.
+2. Adding a NULL file pointer check in H5T_set_loc() before calling
+   H5T__vlen_set_loc() when loc == H5T_LOC_DISK, so the low-level
+   assert(file) invariant is never violated.
+
+This fixes the root cause at the decode level where the bad value
+enters the system, as requested in review of #6378 and #6385.
+
+Found by OSS-Fuzz via the matio fuzzer (ClusterFuzz testcase
+5366895365914624).
+
+(cherry picked from commit 3fa6ed6e9dfeebbc784e21d8c48e31e35a8042bc)
+
+CVE: CVE-2026-17574
+Upstream-Status: Backport [https://github.com/HDFGroup/hdf5/commit/3fa6ed6e9dfeebbc784e21d8c48e31e35a8042bc]
+Signed-off-by: Ankur Tyagi <ankur.tyagi85@gmail.com>
+---
+ src/H5Odtype.c | 2 ++
+ src/H5T.c      | 5 +++++
+ 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+)
+
+diff --git a/src/H5Odtype.c b/src/H5Odtype.c
+index d6405cdb86..6e622f3ebc 100644
+--- a/src/H5Odtype.c
++++ b/src/H5Odtype.c
+@@ -751,6 +751,8 @@ H5O__dtype_decode_helper(unsigned *ioflags /*in,out*/, const uint8_t **pp, H5T_t
+              */
+             /* Set the type of VL information, either sequence or string */
+             dt->shared->u.vlen.type = (H5T_vlen_type_t)(flags & 0x0f);
++            if (dt->shared->u.vlen.type != H5T_VLEN_SEQUENCE && dt->shared->u.vlen.type != H5T_VLEN_STRING)
++                HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_DATATYPE, H5E_BADVALUE, FAIL, "invalid VL datatype type");
+             if (dt->shared->u.vlen.type == H5T_VLEN_STRING) {
+                 dt->shared->u.vlen.pad  = (H5T_str_t)((flags >> 4) & 0x0f);
+                 dt->shared->u.vlen.cset = (H5T_cset_t)((flags >> 8) & 0x0f);
+diff --git a/src/H5T.c b/src/H5T.c
+index 3b2e391a53..e2c9ba9791 100644
+--- a/src/H5T.c
++++ b/src/H5T.c
+@@ -6953,6 +6953,11 @@ H5T_set_loc(H5T_t *dt, H5VL_object_t *file, H5T_loc_t loc)
+                         ret_value = changed;
+                 } /* end if */
+ 
++                /* Validate file pointer for disk-based VL types */
++                if (loc == H5T_LOC_DISK && NULL == file)
++                    HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_DATATYPE, H5E_BADVALUE, FAIL,
++                                "NULL file pointer for disk-based VL datatype");
++
+                 /* Mark this VL sequence */
+                 if ((changed = H5T__vlen_set_loc(dt, file, loc)) < 0)
+                     HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_DATATYPE, H5E_CANTINIT, FAIL, "Unable to set VL location");
diff --git a/meta-oe/recipes-support/hdf5/hdf5_2.0.0.bb b/meta-oe/recipes-support/hdf5/hdf5_2.0.0.bb
index c49d5819be..8b5b842fa0 100644
--- a/meta-oe/recipes-support/hdf5/hdf5_2.0.0.bb
+++ b/meta-oe/recipes-support/hdf5/hdf5_2.0.0.bb
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ SRC_URI = "https://support.hdfgroup.org/releases/hdf5/v2_0/v2_0_0/downloads/${BP
            file://CVE-2026-26197.patch \
            file://CVE-2026-17572.patch \
            file://CVE-2026-17573.patch \
+           file://CVE-2026-17574.patch \
            "
 SRC_URI[sha256sum] = "f4c2edc5668fb846627182708dbe1e16c60c467e63177a75b0b9f12c19d7efed"